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Image Astro du jour
Today’s Picture of the Week, taken with ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), is in fact a series of images taken over the course of four years, showing a rotating disc of gas and dust around the young star AB Aurigae. This swirling cloud is a planetary system in formation and it is the perfect example to study their structure, letting us take a closer look at the dynamics of planet birth.
AB Aurigae is located in the Auriga constellation, 520 light-years away from Earth. While the overall rotation of the material within the disc is governed by the star’s gravity, there are features like “twists” signalling the places where planets could be forming. As the new planets interact with surrounding material and feed with gas and dust, they create disturbances that cause this phenomenon as the planet rotates around the star. These features are better seen in the right side of the video, which has been processed to enhance these structures.
The images were taken with the SPHERE instrument at the VLT, which blocks the glare of the central star, revealing the disc around it in great detail. In particular, the images show radial shadows caused by opaque clumps from denser parts of the disc that can be seen orbiting this star. These SPHERE observations will be key to understanding the precise way in which planets form around this star.
Links
Research paper in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Still image of the disc in 2019
Annotated image marking the radial shadows