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Image Astro du jour
While this might look like a frame from a sci-fi movie, today’s Picture of the Week displays one of the very real lasers built for ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), under construction in Chile. This laser, shown here undergoing tests at ESO’s Headquarters in Germany, will be an essential part of the ELT.
One of the biggest obstacles that ground-based telescopes have to overcome is the turbulence in Earth's atmosphere. Even for telescopes on sites with the clearest night skies, this turbulence distorts images and blurs details of the cosmic objects we observe. To counter this, scientists developed a method called adaptive optics, where deformable mirrors adjust their shape to correct for distortion in real time. To accurately measure the distortion, powerful 22-watt laser beams are shone through the Earth’s atmosphere, exciting sodium atoms around 90 kilometres high, creating artificial “stars” close to the observed object. By correcting the blurriness, the finer details of very faint objects can be studied.
These lasers are the result of years of collaboration between ESO and industrial partners. The laser sources were built by TOPTICA (Germany) and MPBC (Canada), whereas the projection systems that beam the lasers into the sky are built by TNO and Demcon (The Netherlands). Three of these lasers are already in operation at our Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), while the remaining 6 will be installed on the ELT, aiming for first light later this decade.
From left to right: Fred Kamphues (TNO), Raquel Shida (ESO, Department of Communication), and Bart Speet (TNO).