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Image Astro du jour
Today's Picture of the Week depicts different angles of a very peculiar asteroid named (44) Nysa. Asteroids are leftovers from the formation of planets in the Solar System, with the majority found in a circular belt between Mars and Jupiter. These rocky bodies come in various shapes and sizes, but new images of (44) Nysa, located at the inner edge of the asteroid belt, reveal an unusual structure unlike anything observed before!
To resolve (44) Nysa’s shape, a team of astronomers used the SPHERE instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope in Chile, and SHARK-VIS, an instrument by the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics on the Large Binocular Telescope in the USA. Both instruments use adaptive optics to correct atmospheric blur and obtain crisp images of this asteroid.
The data shows that the asteroid is 80 km across and is composed of three distinct blobs, or ‘lobes’, joined by two narrower sections that encircle the asteroid, or ‘necks’. All previous identifications of asteroids with a neck have been interpreted as ‘bilobates’, having just two lobes, but (44) Nysa has a unique ‘trilobate’ structure.
The team has two possible explanations for how (44) Nysa got its odd shape. Either the asteroid originates from a single object that was heavily deformed though collisions, or is a composite of three objects that impacted and merged, forming necks at the point of contact.
Further research is needed to clarify which hypothesis holds true, but for now astronomers are delighted to have determined the structure of (44) Nysa, which had long evaded attempts to identify its true nature. The asteroid is named after the mythical birthplace of the ancient Greek god Dionysus, who is associated with theatre and masks. “The name is quite fitting, after the land of a god known for concealing his true nature,” says Kate Minker, lead author of the study announcing the discovery. “We’ve managed to finally unmask (44) Nysa”.
Links
Research paper in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Press release at the Lowell Observatory
Still frames of this time-lapse